There are a number of ways to do this, here's one:
SELECT c.CUSTOMER_AMT, c.QTY * ISNULL(CRL.PRICE, CRF.PRICE) * 100 AS AMOUNT
FROM CUSTOMER c
OUTER APPLY (SELECT TOP (1) PRICE FROM CUST_RATE
WHERE CUST_CURRENCY = c.LOCAL_CURRENCY) AS CRL
OUTER APPLY (SELECT TOP (1) PRICE FROM CUST_RATE
WHERE PL.PRICE IS NULL AND CUST_CURRENCY = c.FOREIGN_CURRENCY) AS CRF