SELECT
a.a AS Symbol,
LEFT(a,CHARINDEX('_',a+'_')-1) Ticker,
LEFT(b,CHARINDEX('_',b+'_')-1) Indicator,
LEFT(c,CHARINDEX('_',c+'_')-1) Dimension
FROM
(SELECT Symbol AS a FROM [dbo].[STG_Quandl_Core_US_Fundamentals]) AS A
CROSS APPLY (VALUES (STUFF(a,1,CHARINDEX('_',a+'_'),''))) B(b)
CROSS APPLY (VALUES (STUFF(b,1,CHARINDEX('_',b+'_'),''))) C(c)
See here for an explanation of the logic used (responses from me and @Kristen )